Energy storage systems are storage systems for energy that exceeds the production demand and provide it to the user when it is needed. These systems provide support in matching the energy supply and demand, exploiting the variable renewable energy sources. They enhance the energy system efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

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The thermal storage system is also known as the heat storage system, it utilizes technology to stock the thermal energy by cooling or heating the storage medium. So, that the stored energy can be utilized later for power generation, or heating or cooling applications.

Thermal energy storage systems are primarily used in buildings and industrial processes. These storage systems provide support in meeting energy demand for efficient, and eco-friendly energy usage. Heat storage helps in reducing energy consumption, which has two major environmental benefits;

• It leads to increased conservation of fossil fuel with increased efficiency or fuel substitution.

• It also helps in reducing the emissions of pollutants such as SO2, CO2, NOx, and CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).

The heat storage systems enhance the air quality at the building sides with reduced emissions of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons through chillers, and combustion of gases from fuel-through heating or cooling equipment that cause ozone depletion.

The thermal storage systems help in reducing the CFC emissions in two ways; the cooling systems with heat storage need less chiller capacity compared to the conventional systems. Secondly, these heat storage systems can reduce the cooling capacity which is usually higher during the conversion of chillers to benign refrigerants, facilitating ease for building operators to switch refrigerants.

Cool thermal energy storage is widely used in industrial refrigeration applications, such as food preservation, process cooling, and building air-conditioning systems. The CTES is considered one of the most effective methods to correct the mismatch that is caused between the demand and supply of energy.

Cool energy storage needs a better insulation tank, as the energy in a cool state is extremely expensive, compared to the availability of the heat in the hot storage tank.

Thermal energy storage can also utilize the sorption phenomenon. In such cases, a heat source allows the disassociation of the working pair enabling the separate storage of the substances. As they come in contact, the exothermic process takes place with the release of heat.

Therefore, the energy can be energy stored with no virtual loss. As the heat is not stored in a latent or sensible form, instead it is kept as potential energy with the separation of the long substances. Such applications include water vapor adsorption to zeolites or silica-gel.

The hot and humid climates or confined spaces with a high level of humidity serve as open sorption systems depending on the lithium chloride, cool water, zeolites, and other components to control the humidity.

TES Adsorption is a promising technology that facilitates an excellent solution for long-term thermal energy storage compactly and efficiently.

Therefore, massive industrial application of thermal energy storage leads to their increased demand.